前言
入职新公司到现在也有一个月了,完成了手头的工作,前几天终于有时间研究下公司旧项目的代码。在研究代码的过程中,发现项目里用到了Spring Aop来实现数据库的读写分离,本着自己爱学习(我自己都不信…)的性格,决定写个实例工程来实现spring aop读写分离的效果。
环境部署
数据库:MySql
库数量:2个,一主一从
关于mysql的主从环境部署,可以参考:
https://juejin.im/post/5dd13778e51d453da86c0e6f
开始项目
首先,毫无疑问,先开始搭建一个SpringBoot工程,然后在pom文件中引入如下依赖:
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.1.10</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.3.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>2.1.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>8.0.16</version></dependency><!-- 动态数据源 所需依赖 ### start--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!-- 动态数据源 所需依赖 ### end--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
目录结构
引入基本的依赖后,整理一下目录结构,完成后的项目骨架大致如下:
建表
创建一张表user,在主库执行sql语句同时在从库生成对应的表数据
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;CREATE TABLE `user` ( `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id', `user_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户名称', `user_phone` varchar(50) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户手机', `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '住址', `weight` int(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '权重,大者优先', `created_at` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间', `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141952', '测试1', '18826334748', '广州市海珠区', '1', '2019-11-20 10:28:51', '2019-11-22 14:28:26');INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141953', '测试2', '18826274230', '广州市天河区', '2', '2019-11-20 10:29:37', '2019-11-22 14:28:14');INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141954', '测试3', '18826273900', '广州市天河区', '1', '2019-11-20 10:30:19', '2019-11-22 14:28:30');
主从数据源配置
application.yml,主要信息是主从库的数据源配置
server: port: 8001spring: jackson: date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss time-zone: GMT+8 datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver master: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3307/user?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true username: root password: slave: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3308/user?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true username: root password:
因为有一主一从两个数据源,我们用枚举类来代替,方便我们使用时能对应
@Getterpublic enum DynamicDataSourceEnum { MASTER("master"), SLAVE("slave");private String dataSourceName; DynamicDataSourceEnum(String dataSourceName) {this.dataSourceName = dataSourceName; } }
数据源配置信息类 DataSourceConfig,这里配置了两个数据源,masterDb和slaveDb
@Configuration @MapperScan(basePackages = "com.xjt.proxy.mapper", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "sqlTemplate")public class DataSourceConfig { // 主库 @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master") public DataSource masterDb() { return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build(); }/** * 从库 */@Bean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.datasource", name = "slave", matchIfMissing = true) @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave")public DataSource slaveDb() {return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build(); }/** * 主从动态配置 */@Beanpublic DynamicDataSource dynamicDb(@Qualifier("masterDb") DataSource masterDataSource, @Autowired(required = false) @Qualifier("slaveDb") DataSource slaveDataSource) { DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource(); Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>(); targetDataSources.put(DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER.getDataSourceName(), masterDataSource);if (slaveDataSource != null) { targetDataSources.put(DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE.getDataSourceName(), slaveDataSource); } dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources); dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);return dynamicDataSource; } @Beanpublic SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory(@Qualifier("dynamicDb") DataSource dynamicDataSource) throws Exception { SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean(); bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*Mapper.xml")); bean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);return bean.getObject(); } @Beanpublic SqlSessionTemplate sqlTemplate(@Qualifier("sessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory); } @Bean(name = "dataSourceTx")public DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTx(@Qualifier("dynamicDb") DataSource dynamicDataSource) { DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager(); dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);return dataSourceTransactionManager; } }
设置路由
设置路由的目的为了方便查找对应的数据源,我们可以用ThreadLocal保存数据源的信息到每个线程中,方便我们需要时获取
public class DataSourceContextHolder {private static final ThreadLocal<String> DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<>();public static void set(String datasourceType) { DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.set(datasourceType); }public static String get() {return DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.get(); }public static void clear() { DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.remove(); } }
获取路由
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Overrideprotected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {return DataSourceContextHolder.get(); } }
AbstractRoutingDataSource的作用是基于查找key路由到对应的数据源,它内部维护了一组目标数据源,并且做了路由key与目标数据源之间的映射,提供基于key查找数据源的方法。更多springboot文章,查看往期:SpringBoot内容聚合
数据源的注解
为了可以方便切换数据源,我们可以写一个注解,注解中包含数据源对应的枚举值,默认是主库,
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) @Documentedpublic @interface DataSourceSelector { DynamicDataSourceEnum value() default DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER;boolean clear() default true; }
aop切换数据源
到这里,aop终于可以现身出场了,这里我们定义一个aop类,对有注解的方法做切换数据源的操作,具体代码如下:
@Slf4j @Aspect @Order(value = 1) @Componentpublic class DataSourceContextAop { @Around("@annotation(com.xjt.proxy.dynamicdatasource.DataSourceSelector)")public Object setDynamicDataSource(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {boolean clear = true;try { Method method = this.getMethod(pjp); DataSourceSelector dataSourceImport = method.getAnnotation(DataSourceSelector.class); clear = dataSourceImport.clear(); DataSourceContextHolder.set(dataSourceImport.value().getDataSourceName()); log.info("========数据源切换至:{}", dataSourceImport.value().getDataSourceName());return pjp.proceed(); } finally {if (clear) { DataSourceContextHolder.clear(); } } }private Method getMethod(JoinPoint pjp) { MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)pjp.getSignature();return signature.getMethod(); } }
到这一步,我们的准备配置工作就完成了,下面开始测试效果。更多springboot文章,查看往期:SpringBoot内容聚合
先写好Service文件,包含读取和更新两个方法,
@Servicepublic class UserService { @Autowiredprivate UserMapper userMapper; @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE)public List<User> listUser() { List<User> users = userMapper.selectAll();return users; } @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER)public int update() { User user = new User(); user.setUserId(Long.parseLong("1196978513958141952")); user.setUserName("修改后的名字2");return userMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(user); } @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE)public User find() { User user = new User(); user.setUserId(Long.parseLong("1196978513958141952"));return userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(user); } }
根据方法上的注解可以看出,读的方法走从库,更新的方法走主库,更新的对象是userId为1196978513958141953 的数据,
然后我们写个测试类测试下是否能达到效果,
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTestclass UserServiceTest { @Autowired UserService userService; @Testvoid listUser() { List<User> users = userService.listUser();for (User user : users) { System.out.println(user.getUserId()); System.out.println(user.getUserName()); System.out.println(user.getUserPhone()); } } @Testvoid update() { userService.update(); User user = userService.find(); System.out.println(user.getUserName()); } }
测试结果:
1、读取方法
2、更新方法
执行之后,比对数据库就可以发现主从库都修改了数据,说明我们的读写分离是成功的。当然,更新方法可以指向从库,这样一来就只会修改到从库的数据,而不会涉及到主库。
注意
上面测试的例子虽然比较简单,但也符合常规的读写分离配置。值得说明的是,读写分离的作用是为了缓解写库,也就是主库的压力,但一定要基于数据一致性的原则,就是保证主从库之间的数据一定要一致。如果一个方法涉及到写的逻辑,那么该方法里所有的数据库操作都要走主库。
假设写的操作执行完后数据有可能还没同步到从库,然后读的操作也开始执行了,如果这个读取的程序走的依然是从库的话,那么就会出现数据不一致的现象了,这是我们不允许的。
最后发一下项目的github地址,有兴趣的同学可以看下:
https://github.com/Taoxj/mysql-proxy
參考:
https://www.cnblogs.com/cjsblog/p/9712457.html
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